Infertility

Implies apparent failure of a couple to conceive after 1yr of unprotected and regular intercourse.

Primary Infertility - If conception has never occurred.

Secondary Infertility - If the patient fails to conceive after having previous Conception.

Pathology of Infertility :

• 1/3 Male factors
• 1/3 both factors
• 1/3 Female factors

Male Facts - 30 - 40% :

1. Disorder of Sperm Production
2. Disorder of Sperm motility
3. Obtrusive disorder
4. Sexual Dysfunction

Female Facts :

1. Tubal facts - Disease of fallopian tubes, Infection of the tubes which cause tubal blockage, e.g chlamydias trachomatis infection, Septic abortion peuparal infection
2. Uterine Cause - Developmental defects of uterus, Tuberculosis, Huge uterine fibroid
3. Ovarian Cause - PCOD, Ovarian Cyst
4. Peritoneal Cause - Peritoneal Adhesion, PIO, Endometriosis
5. Hormonal imbalance - Causes Anovulation, Hyper insulinemia

Diagnosis :

1. Clinical Examination
2. Investigations - Hormonal studies, Ultrasonography, Ovulation Test, Tubal Patency Test (HSG), Diagnostic Laparoscopy

Treatment : is based on type of disorder

1. Tubal Disorder - Tubal Canalisation Surgery, IVF
2. For Uterine Factor - Laparoscopy
3. Ovarian Factor - Medicine, Laparoscopy

Male infertility :

• IUI, IVF, ICSI